The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a standard protocol for tunneling L2 traffic over an IP network. Its ability to carry almost any L2 data format over IP or other L3 networks makes it ...

Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

July 24: Hemi Labs announced the Hemi Network, "a modular layer-2 blockchain network focused on delivering superior scaling, security, and interoperability between Bitcoin and Ethereum." According to ...

Developers from Gnosis and Zisk, with backing from the Ethereum Foundation, have proposed a new framework aimed at unifying ...

Aave protocol launches on OKX's X Layer Ethereum L2, offering native DeFi lending and borrowing with up to 88% LTV ratios and zero bridging requirements.

Coinbase has launched "Base," an Ethereum scaling network, which is already competitive with other top ETH L2 chains. As a single sequencer chain, Coinbase controls how fee revenue from network ...

When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...